Archives of Current Research International

Agricultural fields in the world are facing a problem with the invasion of wild animals. These animals are causing crop loss, which leads to an increase in the economic burden on farmers. India is the land of agriculture with a variety of crop diversity in its regions. The need for fencing systems in Indian agriculture is much needed due to the increase in population. This review paper synthesises various fencing systems currently used in agriculture to prevent wild animal invasion, evaluating traditional methods—such as physical barriers, sound/visual deterrents, and chemicals—alongside emerging technologies like drone surveillance and IoT-enabled systems, while highlighting their future scope for sustainable agriculture. The present review was conducted using secondary sources derived from existing academic literature, including peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and conference proceedings. Effective, durable, and non-lethal fence methods are desperately needed to safeguard agricultural livelihoods, guarantee food security, and promote coexistence as habitat loss increases human-wildlife conflict. Conventional barbed wire frequently breaks or injures people, and hand guarding is a labour-intensive traditional method. There is a need to overcome traditional methods to further develop a strong fencing system for agricultural fields. Hence, this review explains the various traditional fencing methods and the future enhancement of fencing through artificial intelligence. Therefore, smart fencing solutions incorporating machine learning, computer vision, artificial neural networks (ANN), IoT sensors, and automated surveillance systems are recommended to improve real-time monitoring, enhance decision-making, reduce human labour, and minimise crop losses. The implementation of these advanced technologies can ensure sustainable agriculture, improved farm security, and increased agricultural productivity.